In conclusion, the flow of genetic information in the cell involved replication, transcription and translation. In replication, many important enzymes are required such as helicase, SSB protein, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase etc. DNA synthesis always proceeds in a 5' to 3' direction. Next, the first stage in the flow of information from DNA to polypeptide is the transcription of a DNA nucleotide sequence into a RNA nucleotide sequence. The synthesis of mRNA includes initiation, elongation and termination. The last process in protein synthesis is translation which involves initiation, elongation and termination. Some significant differences exist between bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria lack a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes are confined to the cell nucleus and protein synthesis takes place in the cytosol. In eukaryotes, mRNA must move from the nucleus (the site of transcription) to the cytosol (the site of translation of polypeptide synthesis).

 

 

This video will explain the overall process in central dogma: